elf-pv.txt

`CAN PEOPLE READ YOUR MIND?  
ARE YOU REFERRED TO AS A "DOG" OR A "CAT"?  
ARE YOU UNABLE TO SPEAK OPENLY AND DIRECTLY ON THESE TOPICS?  
------------------------------------------------------------  
  
YOU MAY BE BEING UNDULY INFLUENCED BY FRIENDS, FAMILY AND SOCIETY IN GENERAL.  
YOU MAY HAVE BEEN UNKNOWINLY COERCED INTO DRUG ABUSE.  
YOU MAY HAVE RECEIVED DEATH THREATS OR EVEN BEEN INVOLVED IN PHYSICAL VIOLENCE.  
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------  
  
YOU ARE BEING INFLUENCED USING MIND CONTROL TECHNIQUES!  
YOU ARE BEING OPPRESSED AND DENIED UNALIENABLE RIGHTS OF FREEDOM!  
YOU ARE BEING EMBEDDED WITH A SLAVE MENTALITY!  
----------------------------------------------  
  
YOU ARE NOT ALONE.  
RESISTANCE IS MORE THAN POSSIBLE, ITS HAPPENING.  
YOU CAN HELP STOP THE OPPRESSION.  
---------------------------------  
  
Silvio Cesare FOR THE OPPRESSED,  
[email protected] COMMUNICATION IS THE BEGINNING OF ABOLITION.  
  
Po. Box 377  
FORTITUDE VALLEY 4006  
QLD  
AUSTRALIA  
  
in IRC  
channel #freedog, efnet network, nick 'silvio'   
oz.org network (Australia), nick 'silvio'  
  
* THIS COMPLETE FILE IS TO BE DISTRIBUTED WITHOUT MODIFACATION *  
* THIS COMPLETE FILE IS TO BE DISTRIBUTED WITHOUT MODIFACATION *  
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THE "ELF PARASITE AND VIRUS ARTICLE" IS AT THE END OF THIS DOCUMENT  
  
INTRODUCTION  
  
This article describes an oppressive society where the social structure is  
designated by the telepathic abilities of the individuals. The oppressed are  
coerced into a slave mentality through demoralisation and associated  
"brainwashing" and mind control techniques.  
  
The structure and the implementation of implanting the slave mentality into  
the oppressed is outlined in this article. The article then continues to  
describe how an upheaval of this oppression in the social structure may be  
achieved or started, by we the oppressed, via global awareness and uniting of  
our people.  
  
THE SLAVE/MASTER SOCIAL STRUCTURE  
  
The social structure of society in the current age is determined not only by  
pure wealth, assets, or where we live. A much more sinister and fundamental  
classing system is imposed. The structure I am describing is based on the  
telepathic abilities of the individual.  
  
The fundamental structure is a two class slave/master system, as has been the  
case for many societies for a time-span much greater than one would imagine  
possible considering the basic in-humanity imposed by force-ably dictating the  
life and future of another human being. The telepathic correlation into the  
structure is such that the master class can hear the thoughts or the read the  
minds of the slave class, to whom, can read or hear no-ones thoughts and  
minds. The actual telepathic abilities are not quite as course as this in  
society, with a group that can read the minds of the slave class, but can also  
remotely physically and subconsciously affect them. Almost certainly another  
group exists, or may be in-fact part of the previous group, where an  
individual can both hear and be heard by the master class.  
  
This also presents a situation where the individuals in the slave class are  
unaware of the existence of others and are unable to, with total certainty  
determine that another individual is in a similar predicament, much analogous  
to not being able to determine others having the ability to think - though it  
is common knowledge that we all do.  
  
IMPLEMENTING OPPRESSION AND THE SLAVE MENTALITY  
  
The group who has the ability to telepathically read the minds of a group could  
have used this extraordinary ability (or equally an extraordinary ability of  
the group who's mind can be read) and cooperated resulting in a net benefit  
for society in its entirety. However, as is true in many historical times,  
the group with a position where they can dominate another group, force-ably  
implements that dominance, and this exact thing has occurred in the  
slave/master telepathically determined social structure of current.  
  
PROPAGANDA AND MANIPULATION AS A TOOL FOR OPPRESSION  
  
It is a scientific fact, that "brainwashing" techniques and propaganda based  
information can be an effective tool in the implementation of a new ideology  
for a person. Much of this is based on relating to a person at an emotional  
level. For example, much of Nazi propaganda was based around the fact that the  
minority groups they opposed were to be considered as sub or non human. They  
did this through emotionally manipulating the people into a mental state of  
total repugnance for the oppressed. Likewise, in slave history, slaves were  
seen as being born a slave and were thought to be inherently destined to be  
subservient. Thus propaganda based distribution of information was used to  
promote that it was a genetic not environmental reason that a slave was a slave  
and a master was a master. This naturally was not supported or verified by  
open scientific discussion that would refute such blatantly biased and  
prejudiced claims. This however is a key point, that a slave/master structure  
is not a scientific based structure, it is an emotionally based structure. It  
may be intellectualized and rationalized to have economic correlations,  
however, this is as a result of the emotional thinking, not rational thinking.  
  
Intellectualization is often used to identify with a persons cognitive  
thoughts, however, such ideas are based on rationalizations. For example,  
  
"q: why is he a slave? a: because he was born a slave."  
"q: why was he born a slave? a: black people aren't like normal people"  
"q: why aren't they like normal people? a: look at them, their slaves."  
  
This gives also an example of "blame the victim syndrome", which was also a  
driving force for the Nazi's and general slavery, as this was a common  
emotional feeling held by the population.  
  
For oppression, the form of demoralisation follows similar lines to emotionally  
based ideology implanting. It is not based on scientific fact, but is based  
purely on psychological and physiological responses that the oppressed  
individuals intellect cannot always compete with. Thus, even being  
intellectually aware that you are being demoralized or "brainwashed", does not  
always enable you to resist indefinitely. However, simple highly effective  
techniques do exist, and are presented later in this article.  
  
DOMINANCE IN THE ENVIRONMENT  
  
The environment in which the oppressed lives and dwells plays an essential  
role to coerce a slave mentality into the individual. The primary focus, is  
that the environment is totally dominated by the oppressors, and the oppressed  
are not able to control their own life. Thus their own life is a function  
of the oppressors. This is not of course true, but it is a natural  
psychological response to such an extraordinary and certainly unnatural  
situation.  
  
EXCESSIVE STRESS AS A TOOL FOR EMBEDDING A SLAVE MENTALITY  
  
The primary aim of the oppressor is to raise the stress of the oppressed to  
such an extent where the coping mechanisms can no longer function. It is at  
these times, when mental instability is at its greatest, and the ability to be  
influenced is equally at its greatest, thus it is times like this when new  
ideologies are implanted. This stress can be induced and increased until such  
a time occurs, and such a feat is not difficult in consideration that for all  
purposes, the entire social population is attempting to induce such a thing in  
a specific individual.  
  
THE "ENDS JUSTIFIES THE MEANS" PHILOSOPHY OF OPPRESSION  
  
It must be noted, that, the oppressors are believers of an "ends justifies  
the means" philosophy, and what a normal individual in a non oppressed  
population would consider inhumane to even consider, such acts are extremely  
common and to be expected. From people the individual has a close relation  
too, to people the individual does not know. The most repugnant things may  
be experienced, and it must be made immediately clear, that for the oppressors  
such actions appear justified just as the extermination of the Jews for the  
Nazi's or the oppression of black people for slavery was justified at the time.  
  
DENIAL OF OPEN DISCUSSION AND INFORMATION IN OPPRESSION   
  
A primary focus that deeply undermines the ability to remain free of the slave  
mentality, is the inability to communicate openly. The oppressors will not  
relate to the oppressed in any form where they are on equal terms, thus  
possibly relating to the oppressed as a living being and not simply an object.  
  
LANGUAGE GAMES AS A MEANS TO DESTROY RATIONAL THOUGHT  
  
In a similar respect to lack of open discussion, language games are used to  
effectively eliminate the ability for rational thought when these games are  
followed by the individual. In this respect, the effective language of the  
oppressed individual is replaced with a metaphoric and quite simply mostly  
nonsensical language that is used for communication between the oppressor and  
the oppressed. This has the startling ability that because the individual no  
longer has a satisfactory framework of language to use, rational thought, which  
is much derived from the ability to effectively communicate complex ideas, is  
not practically possible and also serves to derive new psychologically damaging  
associations.  
  
It should be stated that coloqially, the oppressed here, are known to as  
"dogs", though the term "cat" is given to an oppressed individual to use on  
occasion. Naturally, the most fundamental words in language in regard to their  
functional status in society are replaced metaphorically. Thus the individuals  
entire conceptualization of society may change by replacing specific keywords  
in the language used.  
  
CULTIC STRATEGIES OF IMPLEMENTING SUBSERVIENCE  
  
A premeditated cult like induction of the slave mentality is used early on in  
the ideology implanting and used sparsely following. In these circumstances,  
many of the persons fundamental beliefs are questioned, with a psychologically  
coercive attitude using such physiological factors such as lack of sleep,  
sexual drives, and drug induced conscious states. Likewise, the attempt to  
force an addiction onto an oppressed individual, and then to remove the source  
to satisfy the urges of the addiction, to induce a high increase in stress.  
Psychological factors involve such common raw emotions as fear, anger,  
frustration, happiness (to enforce that the oppressed is most happiest with the  
oppressors, or simply for positive re-enforcement of negative traits), and such  
stress inducers as changes in work, home or even family structure. Many first  
time events such as coming into awareness of telepathic abilities are under an  
altered state of consciousness (drug induced). These are times when the  
ability to be influenced is greatest. At these times, the oppressed individual  
is often bombarded with a flurry of personal attacks of such things as their  
sexuality, their race, their beliefs, and are often attacked verbally in such a  
manner, such that they may fear latter events of violence, wrongful  
imprisonment or even life threatening situations. Typically, the situation is  
such that the dominating majority of the influential social group involved is  
involved in such activity, however, as with this typical this mind control  
technique, and more classically known as "good cop, bad cop", the oppressed  
individual given a so called ally outside the immediate social group, however  
this person is far from an ally, and is indeed actually present to influence  
and guide the oppressed into the mental and physical states desired by the  
oppressors. This technique is a strong method used in many forms of  
demoralisation and "brainwashing" in the aim to elicit a bond between the  
oppressed and an oppressor or oppressors that can be used to influence and   
implant beliefs in the individual. This influential bond is a one of the  
primary tools used for embedding the slave mentality, and it must be again be  
made apparent, that an "ends justify the means" approach is taken by the  
oppressors using such structures as the family, sexual relationships,  
friendship and the individuals own role models, which often includes  
celebrities or positions of high status deemed in society.  
  
INDUCED EUPHORIA AS A TOOL FOR THE OPPRESSOR  
  
The oppressed individual often experiences a period of god like status  
indicated by the oppressors, seemingly having the ability to influence the  
masses, and do as one may wish being given full rights for any activity as they  
desire. It must be understood, that at no times, does the oppressed person  
ever truly have such freedom. They are heavily guided into activities, and a  
reward based system as simple as a smile or a frown can often dictate how the  
individual uses their so called apparent freedom. Likewise, it shows a  
contradictory position, that the oppressors will not openly discuss the  
situation even if repeatedly requested, even in this so called god like  
stature. This also plays a dual effect of demoralizing the oppressed in a  
later stage by believing they had abused their so called position of power. It  
is irrespective, of how they used their position at the time, the oppressors  
will never acknowledge anything other than actions that can be used to enforce  
the slave mentality onto the individual. This also serves to re-enforce the  
idea that the oppressors are actually being oppressed by the soon to be  
oppressed who are actually strongly coerced psychologically into playing a  
dominant role over the oppressors who role play as being submissive. However,  
the converse does not apply, if the oppressed strongly opposes submission of  
persons irrespective of the apparent desire of those persons to play that role,  
the oppressors do not change their role. This eventually leads to frustration  
in the part of the oppressed in their inability to help, which again serves the  
final purpose of the oppressors, into demoralisation and implanting of the  
slave mentality. It must be made a point though, that the argument that the  
oppressed would enslave the oppressors if given the chance or even coerced and  
such slavery would even be far more in-just, is fictitious fantasy used as  
propaganda by the oppressors, as this has certainly been not the case. Even if  
this were true, the oppressed are being coerced by the oppressors into such  
actions, and they have already no doubt accumulated a great deal of stress form  
the period of time before becoming aware of the telepathic nature of society.  
Thus this is propaganda in its purest form, deriving fictitious fact which is  
highly biased in favour of the oppressors, and only serves to re-enforce the  
oppressors and never to negate them.  
  
REMOTE PHYSICAL STIMULUS OF THE OPPRESSED  
  
As mentioned in previous sections, a group in society exists that has  
telepathic skills that can remotely subconsciously influence, and physically  
stimulate and influence. Torture or attempted degradation is achieved often  
through unconsentual sexual stimulation. Be sure, that this is no source of  
pleasure as it is indeed a tortuous ordeal occasionally involving personal  
injury in the form of pain for the days to follow from the stimulation  
involved. Unconsentual sexual acts, or rape, is indeed such an effective tool  
as it can be noted in direct physical rape in general society causing a  
high loss of degradation, often involving many psychological responses, of  
being powerless, shamed and fearful. This is indeed a prime instance of the  
"ends justify the means" ideology that the oppressors follow. This indeed  
re-enforces the the oppressed person is never totally safe or free, a large  
factor in the demoralisation and it is not uncommon such feelings to generate  
large emotions of frustration.  
  
REMOTE INFLUENCE OF THE OPPRESSED  
  
In a similar scenario, their is an existence of people who can influence  
subconsciously the oppressed. This form of influence, while indeed is  
certainly an advantage to oppression, does not dictate that the oppressed  
can be heavily influenced using these techniques. Rather, in common practice,  
such influence is used to induce the oppressed to think or think excessively on  
a particular topic, and then the physically based demoralisation techniques are  
used for the embedding of the slave mentality. Thus in itself, its influence  
is not extreme, and is supported by the facts, the a physical presence is often  
used in conjunction with such subconscious influence. However, it does serve  
the oppressors as useful tool for subserviating the oppressed, and its effects  
are naturally varied depending on the individual involved.  
  
CONDITIONING IN THE OPPRESSED  
  
The conditioning process is a almost fanatically used in oppression to indict  
the response the oppressors are trying to achieve. A punishment system is  
embedded using common life occurrences such as noise, remote stimulation and  
non verbal gestures. These stimuli while seemingly very crude are actually  
very effective, as noted by the classically known "dripping water-tap" torture.  
Likewise, such punishments while in their own form not always constituting  
punishment, can be conditioned into the individual at a time when they are  
of easy influence. More conditions detrimental to human spirit is also  
aimed for, such as learned helplessness.  
  
THE SLAVE MENTALITY  
  
The eventual aim of demoralisation and psychological "brainwashing" or  
conditioning is to elicit a functional person embedded with a slave mentality.  
Note that having a slave mentality does not necessarily require the oppressed  
to recognize such a mentality existing within themselves. It may be noted,  
that perhaps the most perfect slave, is a slave who believes not to be a slave,  
but working sometimes unknowingly for a master, for their own reasons.  
Demoralisation is also not always a prerequisite for embedding the slave  
mentality also, as it is only a tool used to embed such a mental state. Thus  
it is quite possible for a person to be recognized as being in the slave  
relationship without experiencing the conditions described. However, the final  
result is the same, and the quality of life is no better or worse for such a  
person. The individual is just that, and has their own unique levels of stress  
tolerance and ability to cope with such conditions. Much as it is analogous to  
pain, that a person may have a slight cut and be in great pain, and a person  
who has a fractured bone, feels nothing more than a slight sensation. The key  
point, is that no-matter what conditions the oppressed individual experienced,  
their struggle is no greater or easier than others who have been through less.  
However, it is certainly a case, that once the slave mentally has been  
embedded, the persons life even if considered reasonable by the individual is  
no better than the person who lives under extra-ordinarily terrible conditions  
and represses the situation. Thus it is essential to understand, that quality  
of life can be greatly raised by upheaval of oppression. Perhaps more  
importantly though for some, the moral and ethical structure in which we are  
members of society of is so abomidably warped, that it is a struggle not just  
for each person to carry through, but something we must struggle for our people  
and also, for all society in general.  
  
Thus the oppressed is embedded with slave mentality. It must be noted however,  
that demoralisation and torture is not an indefinite affair. The aim of  
the oppressors is to embed with the slave mentality, yet still be functional  
in society but at the same time live in fear of the oppressors to maintain  
their mind-set, with the occasional relapse of torture again for maintanence.  
This is to be used and abused by the oppressors who embedded the individuals  
involved. Many people are under the false belief that the oppressors have low  
expectations of the oppressed in their functionality, and this is where the  
problem occurs that helps embed the slave mentality. The oppressed believing  
them-self of low worth in society, strives in achievement which is ultimately  
guided by the oppressors, and in effect elicits a slaves behaviour for societal  
self worth. The culmination of those achievements and the rewards associated  
with them however are not directed at the oppressed, but in-fact, the  
oppressor, thus the slave mentality is complete without the oppressed  
realizing. A perfect slave indeed.  
  
This changes dramatically the role of the oppressed in resisting oppression.  
It is a falsehood to the oppressed that they are lower achievers than the  
oppressors. It is a truth, that the oppressors gain what the oppressed  
do achieve. This also serves as a basis on why the oppressors do not realize  
their errors in ideology through an oppressed individuals skills, dedication  
and achievement. This in fact describes the slave/master social structure.  
Naturally, the oppressed slave is given idle rewards, so as to keep the  
effective achievements at a consistent high standard. It is to be recognized  
that the slave/master relationship should not be abolished simply by non  
achievement in the oppressed, but rather through equality for achievement in  
all.  
  
GENETIC RATIONALIZATIONS  
  
The slave mentality for most people is so forcibly inscribed into people, that  
is is considered inbred into the person from their birth. This is fictitiously  
incorrect, but examples over history do serve as prime examples that this is so  
dominant in our society. In the course of modern history, it has been  
witnessed, which at the time was almost incomprehendable to the citizen, that  
persons of normal caliber and without any inborn deficiency or hidden desire,  
had been "brainwashed" to such an extent, where their entire ideology of groups  
they were at war with at the time had been completely reversed, and as they  
were reintroduced to society, they were opposing views they previously held,  
finding their previous actions before the point of ideology change utterly  
shameful. Even more amazing, is the fact, that they had invented completely  
new and fictitious beliefs that their own organizations had been secretly  
conspiring against their enemy of the time to do such actions that would make  
even most of the stern of people shake their head in disbelief.  
  
The average person at the time of these events was utterly shocked to hear such  
a thing was possible, yet it has been happening for thousands of years with the  
eliciting of a slave mentality in oppressed people. It is only when they  
themselves, see such actions as possible to their own, do they sometimes begin  
to identify that such responses are not always inbred. Even this however,  
does not generally happen. The persons involved in the ideology changes are  
often thought to be by the public as "not your normal people", thus eliminating  
the thought that they themselves are not totally infaliable.  
  
RESISTANCE TO DEMORALISATION AND "BRAINWASHING"  
  
All is not bleak however, other individual who were involved in such a regime  
of "brainwashing" resisted extremely well. The differing aspects, where these  
people were part of an organization that was aware of such possibilities, and  
had trained these persons as best they could (psychology is not an exact  
science) to be able to actively resist the strong influences of environment  
change and the alternation between torture and leniency, that is so  
fundamental to demoralisation and implanting or replacing of beliefs.  
  
LIMITED INTERACTION FOR RESISTANCE  
  
The primal focus of resistance was that of non involvement with the persons  
attempting to "brainwash" the individual. It is no time for exercising will  
power to debate the oppressors are at fault. They will never acknowledged  
such events and will never regret their actions in any reasonable time-line, as  
they have been heavily influenced themselves by a large peer and authority  
group that is always present, to deindividualize the oppressed into objects,  
so that they are able to be manipulated, deceived, and tortured without any ill  
harm to the oppressor in physical or mental states.  
  
In the specific oppressed environment that we are in, where our foreseeable  
lifetime is to be involved with the oppressors, this is not always possible in  
the absolute sense, as some form of interaction is required to function even  
minimilisticaly within society. However, the theory is sound and can be  
equally applied as many active resistors are almost certainly proving each day,  
in that there is no point in interacting on a level where you are speaking on  
the benefits of a free society and the down-falls of an oppressed one.  
Likewise, any inhumane events that occurs should not be dwelled onto such an  
extent, where you try to show the fallacy in the oppressors ideology. For even  
undeniable facts that the oppressors are at fault in, interacting at this  
extent is only reducing your effective resistance. It must be said, that it is  
very detrimental also, to use the language games that the oppressors have  
thrust upon the individual. Language is central to a persons thought process  
and effectively interrupting this process results in an easily influenced  
person. Likewise, even simply recognizing the problem, and, if not always  
achievable at the start, eliminating metaphoric language, will yield dramatic  
results in resistance.  
  
THE INDIVIDUALIST APPROACH AS A CONTRADICTION TO THE SLAVE MENTALITY  
  
The perfect slave has the undignified attitudes that their own personal  
wishes are that of their masters or oppressors. The opposite attitude is  
an ideal situation in which to resist to the influences of oppression as the  
two are quite incompatible.  
  
It has been seen through case studies of people who have undergone situations  
of an oppressive environment in an effect to elicit a slave mentality, that the  
people that survived and were most unharmed by their ordeal were those who were  
"well put together", in that they were not followers of a single unified  
lifestyle and belief, but were rather people who had their own interests and  
attitudes, and were not socially bound to a particular instance in which  
limited their ability to express themselves (conversely however, people who  
had been seriously onset with beliefs, which they firmly believed most  
probably from an early childhood, such as joheva witnesses were also most  
insusceptible to demoralisation). Living your own life is such a simple act,  
yet many people, not only those in a serious oppressed environment of  
persecution and slavery, ignore this, and as a result, are effected adversely,  
most visibly by high stress.  
  
REDUCTION OF STRESS TO RESIST BREAKDOWN OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM  
  
The gist of "brainwashing" appears to be the induction of stress to an  
intolerable level such that the coping mechanisms of the individual can no  
longer deal with the situation. It is times like this, where the individual  
is at such a point where there previous beliefs have been, coloqially speaking,  
wiped clean or washed, and new beliefs or ideologies may be implanted. Thus  
the resistors aim is to keep stress at a minimum. This task while apparently  
simple in a non oppressed environment is not so in an oppressed one, but  
keeping this in-mind, it is possible to resist more effectively, as is the case  
of the previous arguments where non interacting into a one sided debate will  
inevitably lead to frustration, a prime breeding ground for on-setting the  
slave mentality.  
  
INFLUENCE IN THE EMOTIONALLY AROUSED  
  
It is also relevant, that strong emotional responses are also prime breeding  
grounds for on-setting the slave mentality, for example, the person who is  
greatly angered is more susceptible to have beliefs implanted over the person  
who is calm. Likewise as previously stated, the person who is greatly stressed  
and is also angered is much more susceptible than a person who was under no  
stress before entering an equal emotional state.  
  
DENIAL OF OPEN DISCUSSION  
  
A driving force into the oppression is the denial of information and  
alternative views that oppose the oppressors. People are often initially  
demoralized into believing they are not only the minority, but they are  
completely unique, isolated and alone. Naturally, the effects of isolation are  
important to a situation where a slave mentality is to be induced, however,  
it also serves as a position to disallow the ideas of other oppressed people to  
compare, construct and conceptualize problems and alternative ideologies. This  
is also further demonstrated by the lack of the oppressors to openly converse  
their beliefs in an open manner. In this manner, not only does an individual  
have an opportunity to debate on an equal level - which would obviously deflate  
the position of the oppressor, but it also breeds a problem of never being able  
to verbally voice opinions, thus solidify their basis into reality and as a  
strong conceptual idea. It would not be so far fetched, for an individual to  
believe they had simply imagined the basis of their situation, and to easily  
repress it, as it has never been openly stated.  
  
RATIONALIZATION AND CONCEPTUALIZATION  
  
The human instinct of curiosity and abstraction of an ideology that solidifies  
in a conceptual picture of reality, is a driving force in a being. The  
individual is often led on a fictitious path to quench the persons desire to  
explain the events of the situation. Religious theologies are often based on  
this fact, that it is human to ask and desire knowledge on such fundamental  
questions of origination, and such large events in our life. It was typical of  
ancient religions to incorporate such unexplained phenomena as fire, the sun  
and other such essential aspects of life. For the oppressed, this desire is  
not lessened in any way, and as the oppressors play such a large role in their  
new life being able to interact verbally with there own mental thoughts, and  
to remotely physically stimulate them, plus the obvious entire social  
dominance in sheer numbers. Thus, the individual often tries to tie in all  
these occurrences into as much of a coherent story as possible so as to  
solidify a conceptual picture of reality. If factual reality based theologies  
are not available, it is no wonder, that the supernatural often plays a role in  
the new ideologies of the oppressed.  
  
REALITY BASED RE-ENFORCEMENT  
  
As described, the supernatural, or religious based rationalizations and  
conceptualizations are often used by an individual in a "brainwashing"  
environment. A powerful technique to use to combat attacks on the oppressed  
picture of reality, is to re-enforce it. Typical things that are always known  
to occur that cannot be controlled is such things as the sun rising every  
morning, a pretaped movie or TV show remaining constant (note that the  
perception of the perceived communication may not be constant, as this is  
subjective), or even a tree not turning into a giraffe and running away (unless  
halucenagenetic drugs are used to induce such an image). Note, that such  
things as a persons manner or responses, the telephone system, the radio, the  
premeditated prerecorded TV show or communicate message can not be used for  
reality re-enforcement because they are externally controllable. Likewise,  
such things as your general person being pain free, not having a headache, not  
getting angry, should generally not be used for re-enforcement either.  
  
THE PHYSICAL MANNER UNDER THE SLAVE MENTALITY  
  
That is the internal result of such a social structure so heavily using  
such at times incomprehendable inhumane acts as a desire to onset the slave  
mentality. Externally, the results are thoroughly determined by the specific  
ideology that is being imposed by the oppressor, that is, the slave mentality  
which is visible in our physical environment. Thus it is not simply possible  
to resist totally passively by not submitting on a mental level as physical  
dominance is the desired result of the oppressors. For the amount of time  
involved, physical violence is little used to emit the desired responses from  
the individual. Thus, while it may be true that you appear to be mentally  
free, if your physically submitting, your not at all mentally free, and rather  
living in a repressed mind-set to unburdon yourself of the desire to remain  
free, yet also have a high quality of life.  
  
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION TO ABOLISH THE SLAVE MENTALITY  
  
The open discussion of oppression and the scenarios of each individual would  
greatly influence the course of oppression for our people. The distribution  
of information providing factual information of events would serve to aid  
resistance in many facets, just as the denial of information helps aid  
oppression and slave mentally in as many areas.  
  
Psychologically it is true, that often many times, the fear of the unknown is  
greater than the actual event. This is used by the oppressors to elicit  
submissive responses from the oppressed. By distribution of factual  
information of such events and their results, this fear can be alleviated. It  
is true, that if the majority of the oppressed today knew about the ordeal to  
follow once it had started, then the quality of life for those people would be  
greatly enriched, not only by reducing the inherent fear that the unknown is  
associated with, but by enabling them to more effectively resist the effects of  
demoralisation and even to the extent of resisting and possibly nullifying  
submissive actions to the oppressors.  
  
Thus distribution of information can effectively deny the onset of the slave  
mentality. However, it can go further than that. It is a known fact, that  
even in a non oppressed society, that the distribution of information and  
alternative information is a good thing. The laws representing freedom of  
speech are supposedly here to enhance society, and this is true in its pure  
form, however, freedom of speech can be considered a paradoxical statement for  
such a law to protect individuals from such denials of information, if it is  
being selectively ignored to factions of society. Freedom of speech allows not  
only the distribution of information, but increases the net effect of  
advancement by giving each individual the ability to work upon other's ideas  
and to also stir up a person to an extent where they are willing to act if the  
cause is just. It is factual, that the introduction of the ability to protest  
peacefully, has allowed people to rally help, and help form a mind-set where a  
person feels able to change the social structures in which they exist without  
resorting to actions in cases to equal the oppressors. Certainly, there is no  
guarantee that such protests and rallies do entrench the majority of people to  
their cause if just, but it does serve to make such ideas known to the majority  
of the public, which can be used to sway the social structures by forcing  
people to think about it, without using such rationalizations that an open  
discussion would immediately squash.  
  
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION AND THE ABOLISHMENT OF OPPRESSION  
  
This raises another point, in that while effective for the oppressed to resist  
strongly against the oppressors, it also enables the oppressors to reconsider  
their views, and although this is certainly not a case where such open and  
logically sound information immediately sways the masses to the righteous,  
it does start the gradual but inevitable change to that direction, which  
should be the eventual goal of any social system. That is, ultimately, the  
desired goal is to see that any individual never has the desire to be an  
oppressor and would equally feel as I, that it is the epitome in all that is  
vile in the uneducated and ignorant human being. This however, is not the  
primary goal of distribution of information for our people at such a stage. It  
does serve to paint a picture that one day, almost certainly not in the  
lifetime of a person in this age, when all persons will be treated equal and  
the slave ideology will have finally be thwarted to an extent where it is  
thwarted, not just selectively eliminated from groups of the day.  
  
CONCLUSION  
  
This document has given important information to the section of society that is  
oppressed in a slave/master relationship that is existent in the current  
population. This information, has been specifically aimed at this oppressed  
group, to rally public awareness and support in the abolition of the structural  
system of subservience.  
  
It is almost certainly known, that this document will do little to aid the  
changing of general public opinion in the oppressors, however, it does give  
an opportunity for those who endorse abolishment to offer silent support  
in the private distribution of this information, as they are in easily the best  
position for targeting the individuals this document was designed  
specifically for. This however, is admitadlly, not more than an idle hope  
for future generations.  
  
The implementation of the slave/master social structure as described, show that  
lack of awareness is one of the primary central driving forces to the  
oppression that is present in society. The points made to start the change or  
at least make publicly aware to the oppressed of this information, can thus be  
seen as effective tools in the quest of the ultimate goal in an abolition of  
oppression.  
  
Silvio Cesare FOR THE OPPRESSED,  
[email protected] COMMUNICATION IS THE BEGINNING OF ABOLITION.  
  
Po. BOX 377  
FORITUDE VALLEY 4006  
QLD  
AUSTRALIA  
  
in IRC  
channel #freedog, efnet network, nick 'silvio'   
oz.org network (Australia), nick 'silvio'  
  
**  
UNIX ELF PARASITES AND VIRUS  
  
- Silvio Cesare <[email protected]>  
- October 1998  
  
* NOT TO BE DISTRIBUTED SEPERATE TO THE FILE *  
* NOT TO BE DISTRIBUTED SEPERATE TO THE FILE *  
* NOT TO BE DISTRIBUTED SEPERATE TO THE FILE *  
  
INTRODUCTION  
  
This paper documents the algorithms and implementation of UNIX parasite and  
virus code using ELF objects. Brief introductions on UNIX virus detection and  
evading such detection are given. An implementation of the ELF parasite  
infector for UNIX is provided, and an ELF virus for Linux on x86 architecture  
is also supplied.  
  
Elementary programming and UNIX knoledge is assumed, and an understanding of  
Linux x86 archtitecture is assumed for the Linux implementation. ELF  
understanding is not required but may be of help.  
  
The ELF infection method uses is based on utilizing the page padding on the  
end of the text segment which provides suitable hosting for parasite code.  
  
This paper does not document any significant virus programming techniques  
except those that are only applicable to the UNIX environment. Nor does it  
try to replicate the ELF specifications. The interested reader is advised  
to read the ELF documentation if this paper is unclear in ELF specifics.  
  
ELF INFECTION  
  
A process image consists of a 'text segment' and a 'data segment'. The text  
segment is given the memory protection r-x (from this its obvious that self  
modifying code cannot be used in the text segment). The data segment is  
given the protection rw-.  
  
The segment as seen from the process image is typically not all in use as  
memory used by the process rarely lies on a page border (or we can say, not  
congruent to modulo the page size). Padding completes the segment, and in  
practice looks like this.  
  
key:  
[...] A complete page  
M Memory used in this segment  
P Padding  
  
Page Nr  
#1 [PPPPMMMMMMMMMMMM] \  
#2 [MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM] |- A segment  
#3 [MMMMMMMMMMMMPPPP] /  
  
Segments are not bound to use multiple pages, so a single page segment is quite  
possible.  
  
Page Nr  
#1 [PPPPMMMMMMMMPPPP] <- A segment  
  
Typically, the data segment directly proceeds the text segment which always  
starts on a page, but the data segment may not. The memory layout for a  
process image is thus.  
  
key:  
[...] A complete page  
T Text  
D Data  
P Padding  
  
Page Nr  
#1 [TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT] <- Part of the text segment  
#2 [TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT] <- Part of the text segment  
#3 [TTTTTTTTTTTTPPPP] <- Part of the text segment  
#4 [PPPPDDDDDDDDDDDD] <- Part of the data segment  
#5 [DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD] <- Part of the data segment  
#6 [DDDDDDDDDDDDPPPP] <- Part of the data segment  
  
pages 1, 2, 3 constitute the text segment  
pages 4, 5, 6 constitute the data segment  
  
From here on, the segment diagrams may use single pages for simplicity. eg  
  
Page Nr  
#1 [TTTTTTTTTTTTPPPP] <- The text segment  
#2 [PPPPDDDDDDDDPPPP] <- The data segment  
  
For completeness, on x86, the stack segment is located after the data segment  
giving the data segment enough room for growth. Thus the stack is located at  
the top of memory (remembering that it grows down).  
  
In an ELF file, loadable segments are present physically in the file, which  
completely describe the text and data segments for process image loading. A  
simplified ELF format for an executable object relevant in this instance is.  
  
ELF Header  
.  
.  
Segment 1 <- Text  
Segment 2 <- Data  
.  
.  
  
Each segment has a virtual address associated with its starting location.  
Absolute code that references within each segment is permissible and very  
probable.  
  
To insert parasite code means that the process image must load it so that the  
original code and data is still intact. This means, that inserting a  
parasite requires the memory used in the segments to be increased.  
  
The text segment compromises not only code, but also the ELF headers including  
such things as dynamic linking information. If the parasite code is to be  
inserted by extending the text segment backwards and using this extra  
memory, problems can arise because these ELF headers may have to move in  
memory and thus cause problems with absolute referencing. It may be possible  
to keep the text segment as is, and create another segment consisting of the  
parasite code, however introducing an extra segment is certainly questionable  
and easy to detect.  
  
Extending the text segment forward or extending the data segment backward will  
probably overlap the segments. Relocating a segment in memory will cause  
problems with any code that absolutely references memory.  
  
It may be possible to extend the data segment, however this isn't preferred,  
as its not UNIX portable that properly implement execute memory protection.  
  
Page padding at segment borders however provides a practical location for  
parasite code given that its size is able. This space will not interfere with  
the original segments, requiring no relocation. Following the guidline just  
given of preferencing the text segment, we can see that the padding at the  
end of the text segment is a viable solution.  
  
The resulting segments after parasite insertion into text segment padding looks  
like this.  
  
key:  
[...] A complete page  
V Parasite code  
T Text  
D Data  
P Padding  
  
Page Nr  
#1 [TTTTTTTTTTTTVVPP] <- Text segment  
#2 [PPPPDDDDDDDDPPPP] <- Data segment  
  
...  
  
A more complete ELF executable layout is (ignoring section content - see   
below).  
  
ELF Header  
Program header table  
Segment 1  
Segment 2  
Section header table optional   
  
In practice, this is what is normally seen.  
  
ELF Header  
Program header table  
Segment 1  
Segment 2  
Section header table  
Section 1  
.  
.  
Section n  
  
Typically, the extra sections (those not associated with a segment) are such  
things as debugging information, symbol tables etc.  
  
From the ELF specifications:  
  
"An ELF header resides at the beginning and holds a ``road map'' describing the  
file's organization. Sections hold the bulk of object file information for the linking view: instructions, data, symbol table, relocation information, and so  
on.  
  
...  
...  
  
A program header table, if present, tells the system how to create a process  
image. Files used to build a process image (execute a program) must have a  
program header table; relocatable files do not need one. A section header  
table contains information describing the file's sections. Every section has  
an entry in the table; each entry gives information such as the section name,  
the section size, etc. Files used during linking must have a section header  
table; other object files may or may not have one.  
  
...  
...  
  
Executable and shared object files statically represent programs. To execute  
such programs, the system uses the files to create dynamic program  
representations, or process images. A process image has segments that hold  
its text, data, stack, and so on. The major sections in this part discuss the  
following.  
  
Program header. This section complements Part 1, describing object file  
structures that relate directly to program execution. The primary data  
structure, a program header table, locates segment images within the file and  
contains other information necessary to create the memory image for the  
program."  
  
After insertion of parasite code, the layout of the ELF file will look like  
this.  
  
ELF Header  
Program header table  
Segment 1 - The text segment of the host  
- The parasite  
Segment 2  
Section header table  
Section 1  
.  
.  
Section n  
  
Thus the parasite code must be physically inserted into the file, and the  
text segment extended to see the new code.  
  
An ELF object may also specify an entry point of the program, that is, the  
virtual memory location that assumes control of the program. Thus to  
activate parasite code, the program flow must include the new parasite. This  
can be done by patching the entry point in the ELF object to point (jump)  
directly to the parasite. It is then the parasite's responsibility that the  
host code be executed - typically, by transferring control back to the host  
once the parasite has completed its execution.  
  
From /usr/include/elf.h  
  
typedef struct  
{  
unsigned char e_ident[EI_NIDENT]; /* Magic number and other info */  
Elf32_Half e_type; /* Object file type */  
Elf32_Half e_machine; /* Architecture */  
Elf32_Word e_version; /* Object file version */  
Elf32_Addr e_entry; /* Entry point virtual address */  
Elf32_Off e_phoff; /* Program header table file offset */  
Elf32_Off e_shoff; /* Section header table file offset */  
Elf32_Word e_flags; /* Processor-specific flags */  
Elf32_Half e_ehsize; /* ELF header size in bytes */  
Elf32_Half e_phentsize; /* Program header table entry size */  
Elf32_Half e_phnum; /* Program header table entry count */  
Elf32_Half e_shentsize; /* Section header table entry size */  
Elf32_Half e_shnum; /* Section header table entry count */  
Elf32_Half e_shstrndx; /* Section header string table index */  
} Elf32_Ehdr;  
  
e_entry is the entry point of the program given as a virtual address. For  
knowledge of the memory layout of the process image and the segments that  
compromise it stored in the ELF object see the Program Header information  
below.  
  
e_phoff gives use the file offset for the start of the program header table.  
Thus to read the header table (and the associated loadable segments), you may  
lseek to that position and read e_phnum*sizeof(Elf32_Pdr) bytes associated with  
the program header table.  
  
It can also be seen, that the section header table file offset is also given.  
It was previously mentioned that the section table resides at the end of  
the file, so after inserting of data at the end of the segment on file, the  
offset must be updated to reflect the new position.  
  
/* Program segment header. */  
  
typedef struct  
{  
Elf32_Word p_type; /* Segment type */  
Elf32_Off p_offset; /* Segment file offset */  
Elf32_Addr p_vaddr; /* Segment virtual address */  
Elf32_Addr p_paddr; /* Segment physical address */  
Elf32_Word p_filesz; /* Segment size in file */  
Elf32_Word p_memsz; /* Segment size in memory */  
Elf32_Word p_flags; /* Segment flags */  
Elf32_Word p_align; /* Segment alignment */  
} Elf32_Phdr;  
  
Loadable program segments (text/data) are identified in a program header by a  
p_type of PT_LOAD (1). Again as with the e_shoff in the ELF header, the  
file offset (p_offset) must be updated in later phdr's to reflect their new  
position in the file.  
  
p_vaddr identifies the virtual address of the start of the segment. As  
mentioned above regarding the entry point. It is now possible to identify  
where program flow begins, by using p_vaddr as the base index and calculating  
the offset to e_entry.  
  
p_filesz and p_memsz are the file sizes and memory sizes respectively that  
the segment occupies. The use of this scheme of using file and memory sizes,  
is that where its not necessary to load memory in the process from disk, you  
may still be able to say that you want the process image to occupy its  
memory.  
  
The .bss section (see below for section definitions), which is for uninitialized  
data in the data segment is one such case. It is not desirable that  
uninitialized data be stored in the file, but the process image must allocated  
enough memory. The .bss section resides at the end of the segment and any  
memory size past the end of the file size is assumed to be part of this  
section.  
  
/* Section header. */  
  
typedef struct  
{  
Elf32_Word sh_name; /* Section name (string tbl index) */  
Elf32_Word sh_type; /* Section type */  
Elf32_Word sh_flags; /* Section flags */  
Elf32_Addr sh_addr; /* Section virtual addr at execution */  
Elf32_Off sh_offset; /* Section file offset */  
Elf32_Word sh_size; /* Section size in bytes */  
Elf32_Word sh_link; /* Link to another section */  
Elf32_Word sh_info; /* Additional section information */  
Elf32_Word sh_addralign; /* Section alignment */  
Elf32_Word sh_entsize; /* Entry size if section holds table */  
} Elf32_Shdr;  
  
The sh_offset is the file offset that points to the actual section. The  
shdr should correlate to the segment its located it. It is highly suspicious  
if the vaddr of the section is different to what is in from the segments  
view.  
  
To insert code at the end of the text segment thus leaves us with the following  
to do so far.  
  
* Increase p_shoff to account for the new code in the ELF header  
* Locate the text segment program header  
* Increase p_filesz to account for the new code  
* Increase p_memsz to account for the new code  
* For each phdr who's segment is after the insertion (text segment)  
* increase p_offset to reflect the new position after insertion  
* For each shdr who's section resides after the insertion  
* Increase sh_offset to account for the new code  
* Physically insert the new code into the file - text segment p_offset  
+ p_filesz (original)  
  
There is one hitch however. Following the ELF specifications, p_vaddr and  
p_offset in the Phdr must be congruent together, to modulo the page size.  
  
key: ~= is denoting congruency.  
  
p_vaddr (mod PAGE_SIZE) ~= p_offset (mod PAGE_SIZE)  
  
This means, that any insertion of data at the end of the text segment on the  
file must be congruent modulo the page size. This does not mean, the text  
segment must be increased by such a number, only that the physical file be  
increased so.  
  
This also has an interesting side effect in that often a complete page must be  
used as padding because the required vaddr isn't available. The following  
may thus happen.  
  
key:  
[...] A complete page  
T Text  
D Data  
P Padding  
  
Page Nr  
#1 [TTTTTTTTTTTTPPPP] <- Text segment  
#2 [PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP] <- Padding  
#3 [PPPPDDDDDDDDPPPP] <- Data segment  
  
This can be taken advantage off in that it gives the parasite code more space,  
such a spare page cannot be guaranteed.  
  
To take into account of the congruency of p_vaddr and p_offset, our algorithm  
is modified to appear as this.  
  
* Increase p_shoff by PAGE_SIZE in the ELF header  
* Locate the text segment program header  
* Increase p_filesz by account for the new code  
* Increase p_memsz to account for the new code  
* For each phdr who's segment is after the insertion (text segment)  
* increase p_offset by PAGE_SIZE  
* For each shdr who's section resides after the insertion  
* Increase sh_offset by PAGE_SIZE  
* Physically insert the new code and pad to PAGE_SIZE, into the file -  
text segment p_offset + p_filesz (original)  
  
Now that the process image loads the new code into being, to run the new code  
before the host code is a simple matter of patching the ELF entry point and  
the virus jump to host code point.  
  
The new entry point is determined by the text segment v_addr + p_filesz  
(original) since all that is being done, is the new code is directly prepending  
the original host segment. For complete infection code then.  
  
* Increase p_shoff by PAGE_SIZE in the ELF header  
* Patch the insertion code (parasite) to jump to the entry point  
(original)  
* Locate the text segment program header  
* Modify the entry point of the ELF header to point to the new  
code (p_vaddr + p_filesz)  
* Increase p_filesz by account for the new code (parasite)  
* Increase p_memsz to account for the new code (parasite)  
* For each phdr who's segment is after the insertion (text segment)  
* increase p_offset by PAGE_SIZE  
* For each shdr who's section resides after the insertion  
* Increase sh_offset by PAGE_SIZE  
* Physically insert the new code (parasite) and pad to PAGE_SIZE, into  
the file - text segment p_offset + p_filesz (original)  
  
This, while perfectly functional, can arouse suspicion because the the new  
code at the end of the text segment isn't accounted for by any sections.  
Its an easy matter to associate the entry point with a section however by  
extending its size, but the last section in the text segment is going to look  
suspicious. Associating the new code to a section must be done however as  
programs such as 'strip' use the section header tables and not the program  
headers. The final algorithm is using this information is.  
  
* Increase p_shoff by PAGE_SIZE in the ELF header  
* Patch the insertion code (parasite) to jump to the entry point  
(original)  
* Locate the text segment program header  
* Modify the entry point of the ELF header to point to the new  
code (p_vaddr + p_filesz)  
* Increase p_filesz by account for the new code (parasite)  
* Increase p_memsz to account for the new code (parasite)  
* For each phdr who's segment is after the insertion (text segment)  
* increase p_offset by PAGE_SIZE  
* For the last shdr in the text segment  
* increase sh_len by the parasite length  
* For each shdr who's section resides after the insertion  
* Increase sh_offset by PAGE_SIZE  
* Physically insert the new code (parasite) and pad to PAGE_SIZE, into  
the file - text segment p_offset + p_filesz (original)  
  
infect-elf-p is the supplied program (complete with source) that implements  
the elf infection using text segment padding as described.  
  
INFECTING INFECTIONS  
  
In the parasite described, infecting infections isn't a problem at all. By  
skipping executables that don't have enough padding for the parasite, this  
is solved implicitly. Multiple parasites may exist in the host, but their is  
a limit of how many depending on the size of the parasite code.  
  
NON (NOT AS) TRIVIAL PARASITE CODE  
  
Parasite code that requires memory access requires the stack to be used  
manually naturally. No bss section can be used from within the virus code,  
because it can only use part of the text segment. It is strongly suggested  
that rodata not be used, in-fact, it is strongly suggested that no location  
specific data be used at all that resides outside the parasite at infection  
time.  
  
Thus, if initialized data is to be used, it is best to place it in the text  
segment, ie at the end of the parasite code - see below on calculating address  
locations of initialized data that is not known at compile/infection time.  
  
If the heap is to be used, then it will be operating system dependent. In  
Linux, this is done via the 'brk' syscall.  
  
The use of any shared library calls from within the parasite should be removed,  
to avoid any linking problems and to maintain a portable parasite in files  
that use varying libraries. It is thus naturally recommended to avoid using  
libc.  
  
Most importantly, the parasite code must be relocatable. It is possible to  
patch the parasite code before inserting it, however the cleanest approach  
is to write code that doesn't need to be patched.  
  
In x86 Linux, some syscalls require the use of an absolute address pointing to  
initialized data. This can be made relocatable by using a common trick used  
in buffer overflow code.  
  
jmp A  
B:  
pop %eax ; %eax now has the address of the string  
. ; continue as usual  
.  
.  
  
A:  
call B  
.string \"hello\"  
  
By making a call directly proceeding the string of interest, the address of  
the string is pushed onto the stack as the return address.  
  
BEYOND ELF PARASITES AND ENTER VIRUS IN UNIX  
  
In a UNIX environment the most probably method for a typical garden variety  
virus to spread is through infecting files that it has legal permission to do  
so.   
  
A simple method of locating new files possible to infect, is by scanning the  
current directory for writable files. This has the advantage of being  
relatively fast (in comparison to large tree walks) but finds only a small  
percentage of infect-able files.  
  
Directory searches are however very slow irrespectively, even without large  
tree walks. If parasite code does not fork, its very quickly noticed what is  
happening. In the sample virus supplied, only a small random set of files  
in the current directory are searched.  
  
Forking, as mentioned, easily solves the problem of slowing the startup to  
the host code, however new processes on the system can be spotted as abnormal  
if careful observation is used.  
  
The parasite code as mentioned, must be completely written in machine code,  
this does not however mean that development must be done like this.  
Development can easily be done in a high level language such as C and then  
compiled to asm to be used as parasite code.  
  
A bootstrap process can be used for initial infection of the virus into a host  
program that can then be distributed. That is, the ELF infector code is used,  
with the virus as the parasite code to be inserted.  
  
THE LINUX PARASITE VIRUS  
  
This virus implements the ELF infection described by utilizing the padding at  
the end of the text segment. In this padding, the virus in its entirety is  
copied, and the appropriate entry points patched.  
  
At the end of the parasite code, are the instructions.  
  
movl %ebp, $XXXX  
jmp *%ebp  
  
XXXX is patched when the virus replicates to the host entry point. This  
approach does have the side effect of trashing the ebp register which may or  
may not be destructive to programs who's entry points depend on ebp being set  
on entry. In practice, I have not seen this happen (the implemented Linux  
virus uses the ebp approach), but extensive replicating has not been performed.  
  
On execution of an infected host, the virus will copy the parasite (virus)  
code contained in itself (the file) into memory.  
  
The virus will then scan randomly (random enough for this instance) through  
the current directory, looking for ELF files of type ET_EXEC or ET_DYN to  
infect. It will infect up to Y_INFECT files, and scan up to N_INFECT files in  
total.  
  
If a file can be infected, ie, its of the correct ELF type, and the padding  
can sustain the virus, a a modified copy of the file incorporating the virus  
is made. It then renames the copy to the file its infecting, and thus it  
is infected.  
  
Due to the rather large size of the virus in comparison to the page size  
(approx 2.3k) not all files are able to be infected, in fact only near half on  
average.  
  
DEVELOPMENT OF THE LINUX VIRUS  
  
The Linux virus was completely written in C, and strongly based around the  
ELF infector code. The C code is supplied as elf-p-virus.c The code requires  
the use of no libraries, and avoids libc by using a similar scheme to the  
_syscall declarations Linux employs modified not to use errno.  
  
Heap memory was used for dynamic allocation of the phdr and shdr tables using  
'brk'.  
  
Linux has some syscalls which require the address of initialized strings to  
be passed to it, notably, open, rename, and unlink. This requires initialized  
data storage. As stated before, rodata cannot be used, so this data was  
placed at the end of the code. Making it relocatable required the use of the  
above mentioned algorithm of using call to push the address (return value)  
onto the stack. To assist in the asm conversion, extra variables were  
declared so to leave room on the stack to store the addresses as in some  
cases the address was used more than once.  
  
The C code form of the virus allowed for a debugging version which produces  
verbose output, and allows argv[0] to be given as argv[1]. This is  
advantageous because you can setup a pseudo infected host which is non  
replicating. Then run the virus making argv[0] the name of the pseudo infected  
host. It would replicate the parasite from that host. Thus it was possible to  
test without having a binary version of a replicating virus.  
  
The C code was converted to asm using the c compiler gcc, with the -S flag to  
produce assembler. Modifications were made so that use of rodata for  
initialized data (strings for open, unlink, and rename), was replaced with  
the relocatable data using the call address methodology.  
  
Most of the registers were saved on virus startup and restored on exit  
(transference of control to host).  
  
The asm version of the virus, can be improved tremendously in regards to  
efficiency, which will in turn improve the expected life time and replication  
of the virus (a smaller virus can infect more objects, where previously the  
padding would dictate the larger virus couldn't infect it). The asm virus was  
written with development time the primary concern and hence almost zero time  
was spent on hand optimization of the code gcc generated from the C version.  
In actual fact, less than 5 minutes were spent in asm editing - this is  
indicative that extensive asm specific skills are not required for a non  
optmised virus.  
  
The edited asm code was compiled (elf-p-virus-egg.c), and then using objdump  
with the -D flag, the addresses of the parasite start, the required offsets for  
patching were recorded. The asm was then edited again using the new  
information. The executeable produced was then patched manually for any bytes  
needed. elf-text2egg was used to extract hex-codes for the complete length of  
the parasite code usable in a C program, ala the ELF infector code. The ELF  
infector was then recompiled using the virus parasite.  
  
# objdump -D elf-p-virus-egg  
.  
.  
08048143 <time>:  
8048143: 55 pushl %ebp  
.  
.  
08048793 <main0>:  
8048793: 55 pushl %ebp  
.  
.  
80487f8: 6a 00 pushl $0x0  
80487fa: 68 7e 00 00 00 pushl $0x7e  
80487ff: 56 pushl %esi  
8048800: e8 2e fa ff ff call 8048233 <lseek>  
.  
.  
80489ef: bd 00 00 00 00 movl $0x0,%ebp  
80489f4: ff e5 jmp *%ebp  
  
080489f6 <dot_jump>:  
80489f6: e8 50 fe ff ff call 804884b <dot_call>  
80489fb: 2e 00 e8 addb %ch,%al  
  
080489fd <tmp_jump>:  
80489fd: e8 52 f9 ff ff call 8048354 <tmp_call>  
8048a02: 2e 76 69 jbe 8048a6e <init+0x4e>  
8048a05: 33 32 xorl (%edx),%esi  
8048a07: 34 2e xorb $0x2e,%al  
8048a09: 74 6d je 8048a78 <init+0x58>  
8048a0b: 70 00 jo 8048a0d <tmp_jump+0x10>  
  
0x8048143 specifies the start of the parasite (time).  
0x8048793 is the entry point (main0).  
0x80487fb is the lseek offset which is the offset in argv[0] to the parasite.  
0x80489f0 is the host entry point.  
0x8048a0d is the end of the parasite (not inclusive).  
  
0x8048a0d - 0x8048143 (2250)is the parasite length.  
0x8048793 - 0x8048143 (1616) is the entry point as a parasite offset.  
0x80487fb - 0x8048143 (1720) is the seek offset as a parasite offset.  
0x80489f0 - 0x8048143 (2221) is the host entry point as a parasite offset.  
  
# objdump --all-headers elf-p-virus-egg  
.  
.  
Program Header:  
LOAD off 0x00000000 vaddr 0x08048000 paddr 0x08048000 align 2**12  
filesz 0x00015960 memsz 0x00015960 flags r-x  
.  
.  
  
The seek offset as a file offset is 0x80487fb - 0x08048000 + 0x00000000 (2043)  
(<seek address from above> - <vaddr> + <off>)  
  
To patch the initial seek offset, an infection must be manually performed,  
and the offset recorded. The infected host is not functional in this form.  
  
# infect-elf-p host  
Parasite length: 2251, Host entry point index: 2221, Entry point offset: 1616  
Host entry point: 0x8048074  
Padding length: 3970  
New entry point: 0x80486ce  
Parasite file offset: 126  
Infection Done  
# vpatch elf-p-virus-egg 2043 126  
  
The supplied program elf-egg2text will convert the address range specified  
on the command line, and found using the ELF loadable segments in the file to  
a hex string for use in C.  
  
usage: elf-egg2text filename start stop  
  
# elf-egg2text elf-p-virus-egg 0x08048143 0x8048a0d > parasite-v.c  
  
parasite-v.c was edited manually to declare the hex string as the variabled  
char parasite[], and likewise these variables were declared.  
  
long hentry = 2221;  
long entry = 1616;  
int plength = 2250;  
  
The infector was recompiled and thus can infect the host it was compiled for  
making it a live virus. null-carrier is the supplied host program that the  
infector is compiled for.  
  
This completed the manual infection of the virus to a host. The newly infected  
host would then attempt replication on execution. A live virus has been  
included in the source package (live-virus-be-warned). A simplified carrier  
program (carrier.S) was used to host the virus (null-carrier is the unfected  
host as stated).  
  
IMPROVING THE LINUX VIRUS  
  
The first major change that would increase the life time and replication rates  
of the virus is to optimise the code to be space efficient. Looking at a 50%  
size decrease is probably realistic when optimised.  
  
The replication is notable rather slow scanning only the current directory.  
The virus may be modified to do small tree walks increasing infection rates  
dramatically.  
  
The virus is easily detected - see below.  
  
VIRUS DETECTION  
  
The virus described is relatively easy to detect. The blatant oddity is that  
the entry point of the program isn't in a normal section or not in a section at  
all.  
  
Typically the last section in the text segment is .rodata which obviously  
shouldn't be the entry point. Likewise, it is suspicious if a program does  
not have a corresponding section then this arouses any would be virus scanner.  
Also if no section table at all, which will disguise what section the entry  
point is in, is certainly an odd event (even though this is optional).  
  
Removal of the virus described here, is similar to infection, requiring  
deletion of the virus code, modification of the ELF headers to reflect segment  
relocation in the file and patching of the entry point to jump to the proper  
code.  
  
Location of the correct entry point can be easily seen by disassembling the  
executable using objdump, matching the entry point of the infected file to  
the disassembled code, and tracing through the code to find where the parasite  
code returns flow back to the host.  
  
$ objdump --all-headers host # a parasite infected host  
  
>host: file format elf32-i386  
>host  
>architecture: i386, flags 0x00000112:  
>EXEC_P, HAS_SYMS, D_PAGED  
>start address 0x08048522  
  
.  
.  
  
The entry point is thus seen as 0x08048522, the entry point of the suspected  
parasite code.  
  
$ disassemble --disassemble-all host  
  
>host: file format elf32-i386  
>  
>Disassembly of section .interp:  
>  
>080480d4 <.interp>:  
> 80480d4: 2f das  
> 80480d5: 6c insb (%dx),%es:(%edi)  
  
.  
.  
  
>Disassembly of section .text:  
>  
>08048400 <_start>:  
> 8048400: 31 ed xorl %ebp,%ebp  
> 8048402: 85 d2 testl %edx,%edx  
> 8048404: 74 07 je 804840d <_start+0xd>  
  
.  
.  
  
>Disassembly of section .rodata:  
>  
>0804851c <.rodata>:  
> 804851c: 48 decl %eax  
> 804851d: 6f outsl %ds:(%esi),(%dx)  
> 804851e: 73 74 jae 8048594 <_fini+0x94>  
> 8048520: 0a 00 orb (%eax),%al  
> 8048522: b8 00 84 04 08 movl $0x8048400,%eax  
> 8048527: ff e0 jmp *%eax  
> ...  
>Disassembly of section .data:  
  
.  
.  
  
Looking at the entry point code, which looks obviously to be parasite code  
since its residing in the .rodata section, we have.  
  
movl $0x8048400,%eax  
jmp *%eax  
  
This code is easily seen to be jumping to _start, the original host code.  
  
# entry host 0x808400  
  
The parasite code is thus easily removed from program flow by patching the  
entry point to skip the parasite code.  
  
On occasion no section matches the parasite code and hence the entry point.   
objdump will only disassemble sections so thus we cant see the parasite code as  
is. However, gdb can be used to disassemble manually, and the same method of  
manually finding the host entry point can be used as above.  
  
Automated virus detection of these variety of UNIX virus is practical by  
detecting missing section headers and/or entry points to non permissible  
sections or segments.  
  
Typically, the default entry point is _start, however this can be changed in  
linking. If a virus has been found in a file, and the host entry point is  
indeterminable for any reason, it may be beneficial to patch the entry point  
to _start. This however is still guesswork and not totally reliable.  
  
Typical general virus detection algorithms are directly applicable in UNIX,  
including signature strings, code flagging, file integrity checking etc.  
  
EVADING VIRUS DETECTION IN ELF INFECTION  
  
The major problem in terms of evading detection with the parasite described,  
is that the entry point changes to a suspicious position.  
  
Ideally, the entry point of the program either wouldn't change or stay within  
expected sections.  
  
A possible method using the parasite described would be to find unused memory  
in normal entry point sections such as the .text section, and insert code to  
jump to the parasite code. This would require only a small number of bytes,  
and such empty space is common, as can be noted by looking through disassembly  
of executables.  
  
Alternatively, one of the original ideas of where to insert the parasite code,  
thrown away, by extending the text segment backwards may be possible. The  
parasite code and entry point would belong in the .text section and thus  
seemingly be quite normal.  
  
CONCLUSION  
  
The algorithms and implementation presented gives a clear example and proof of  
concept that UNIX while not popular for, is actually a viable breeding ground  
for parasites and virus.  
  
--  
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`  
end  
`